法国第二次大罢工抗议延长退休年龄 马克龙：没得商量******
中新网2月1日电 综合报道，当地时间1月31日，法国工会发起第二次全国罢工，数以百万计的教师、公务员以及其他各行各业的从业者走上街头参加了游行示威活动。报道称，当天罢工严重扰乱法国的电力生产、公共交通和学校运作等，使各地的公共设施陷入瘫痪。
资料图：2023年1月31日，在法国北部城市里尔，民众正在参加抗议养老金改革活动，警察在维护秩序。据路透社报道，法国内政部表示，在法国8家主要工会的号召下，当天共有127.2万人参加了抗议活动。他们手举“反对养老金改革”、“我们不会放弃”等横幅游行示威，反对总统马克龙的养老金改革计划。这项计划拟通过将最低退休年龄从62岁提高至64岁，来消除养老金体系中的赤字。
报道称，这是法国工会第二次全国性罢工。此前1月19日，也有超过100万人走上街头游行示威。法国总工会(CGT)称，仅在巴黎，就有50万抗议者聚集，但当局表示估计这个数字为8.7万人。
“对总统来说，这很容易。他坐在座位上……他甚至可以工作到70岁，”公交车司机伊莎贝尔·特克西尔在抗议活动中说道。“我们不能要求普通工人工作到64岁，这是不可能的。”
据报道，罢工严重扰乱法国的电力生产、公共交通和学校运作等，使各地的公共设施陷入瘫痪。当天法国只有三分之一的TGV高铁列车运行，巴黎地铁则严重受到影响。此外，巴黎市长伊达尔戈决定声援游行和罢工，当天暂停市政府对外服务，并在市政府外挂出声援的条幅。
另据英国广播公司(BBC)报道，法国当局宣布动用了1.1万名警察在全国200多个示威地点维持秩序。在巴黎示威路线尽头的沃邦广场发生了小规模冲突，约30名示威人士被捕。
马克龙政府：“没有商量余地”
民意调查显示，尽管三分之二的法国人反对这项改革，但马克龙政府并不打算顺应民意，称将退休年龄推迟到64岁是“没有商量余地的”。
资料图：法国总统马克龙马克龙也在1月30日明言，这项改革对确保养老金制度的继续运作“至关重要”。
根据法国劳工部的估计，若将民众的退休年龄延后至64岁，并延长缴费期，法国每年的养老金缴费额将增加177亿欧元，从而使养老金系统在2027年实现收支平衡。但法国工会认为，政府也可以通过对富豪征税，或要求雇主和拥有很多养老金的人缴纳更多费用。
据悉，大规模抗议迫使政府做出了一些让步，例如将领取养老金的年龄从65岁下调到64岁，并同意让退休者每月领取1200欧元的最低养老金。
但政府在两个核心问题上没有改变，即从今年夏末开始至2030年，法定退休年龄将从目前的62岁逐步提高到64岁；2027年起，退休者只有在缴纳社会分摊金满43年的前提下，才能领取全额养老金。
“当反对声如此之大时，政府不听是很危险的。”法国劳工民主联盟(CFDT)公务部门秘书长雅科说道。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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